/**
 * plugins/themes/digitalbishtx/styles/overrides.css
 *
 * Theme-local fixes for the Academic Publishers (IJDSML) replica:
 *  - the inline <style> rules the original page carried in its <head>
 *    (W3Schools-style hover dropdown, top-nav, "Journal Info" mega menu)
 *  - the fixed colour palette (black header, #3b3737 nav/footer)
 *  - small layout safeguards so the Tabler markup renders identically
 *    regardless of the OJS install's base URL.
 */

/* ---- Base type & body (IBM Plex Sans everywhere, like the target) ---- */
:root { --ap-font: "IBM Plex Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; }
body#scroll,
body.antialiased,
.navbar, .nav-link, .nav-link-title, .dropdown-menu, .dropdown-item,
.card, .card-body, .card-btn, .btn, .title, .meta, .info, .authors,
.journal-title, .breadcrumb, .footer,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, a, span, li, button, input, .text-h3 {
    font-family: var(--ap-font);
}

/* ---- Fixed palette ---- */
.ap-header        { background-color: #000000; }
.ap-titlebar      { background-color: #3b3737; }
.ap-nav,
.ap-footer        { background-color: #3b3737; border-top: 1px solid #ffffff; }
.ap-titlebar a    { color: #ffffff; }

/* ---- Black brand-bar navigation ---- */
.ap-header .nav-link,
.ap-header .nav-link.topnav,
.ap-header .navbar-nav .nav-link,
.ap-header .nav-link-title { color: #ffffff !important; }
.ap-header .nav-link:hover { color: #d9d9d9 !important; }
.ap-header .nav-link-icon .icon { width: 20px; height: 20px; vertical-align: middle; }
.ap-header .navbar-nav { gap: .25rem; }

/* ---- Grey "Journal Info" navigation bar ---- */
.ap-nav { padding: 0; }
/* keep the nav's items aligned to the same container width as the page body */
.ap-nav-inner { width: 100%; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: stretch; }
.ap-nav-inner > .navbar-collapse { width: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; }
.ap-nav .navbar-nav { width: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ap-nav .gggg { text-align: center; display: flex; }
.ap-nav .nav-link,
.ap-nav .dropdown-toggle { color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; width: 100%; }
.ap-nav .gggg > .nav-link,
.ap-nav .gggg > .dropdown-toggle { display: block; padding: 1rem .75rem; }
/* Sub-navbar (dropdown): dark background so the white text is readable,
   laid out in two columns. */
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu {
    background-color: #2e2e2e;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    min-width: 807px;
    max-width: 92vw;
    padding: .4rem;
}
/* show on hover / click */
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu.show,
.nav-item.gggg.dropdown:hover > .dropdown-menu { display: block; }
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-divider { display: none; }
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.hhgg {
    color: #ffffff;
    white-space: normal;
    padding: .8rem 1rem;
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Dynamic mega-menu: 3 columns laid out column-major (top-to-bottom),
   matching the static "Journal Info" mega menu. */
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu.ap-megamenu {
    column-count: 3;
    column-gap: 0;
}
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu.ap-megamenu > li {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    break-inside: avoid;
    -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .ap-nav .dropdown-menu { min-width: 220px; max-width: 96vw; }
    .ap-nav .dropdown-menu.ap-megamenu { column-count: 1; }
}

/* Hover: white background, BLACK text — only on the link/toggle itself, NOT
   the whole .gggg cell (otherwise hovering the open submenu turns the parent
   white too). */
.ap-nav .gggg > a.nav-link:hover,
.ap-nav .gggg > a.dropdown-toggle:hover,
.ap-nav > .navbar-nav > li.gggg > .nav-link:hover {
    background-color: #ffffff !important;
    color: #000000 !important;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.hhgg:hover { background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; }

/* ---- Original inline styles (verbatim behaviour) ---- */
.col-md-4.indx { box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px -4px blue; }

.gggg {
    width: 25%;
    border-right: 1px solid white;
    border-left: 1px solid white;
    font-size: medium;
    font-weight: bold;
}
.gggg a:hover {
    background-color: white;
    color: black;
    padding: 1rem .75rem;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    text-decoration-line: underline;
    text-decoration-color: chocolate;
}
.gggg a { color: white; }

.dropdown-item.hhgg {
    color: white;
    padding: 1rem .75rem;
    font-size: medium;
    font-weight: bold;
}

/* Mobile "Menu" hover dropdown */
.dropbtn {
    background-color: #04AA6D;
    color: white;
    padding: 16px;
    font-size: 16px;
    border: none;
}
.dropdown { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.dropdown-content {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    background-color: #f1f1f1;
    min-width: 160px;
    box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    z-index: 1;
}
.dropdown-content a { color: black; padding: 12px 16px; text-decoration: none; display: block; }
.dropdown-content a:hover { background-color: #ddd; }
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content { display: block; }
.dropdown:hover .dropbtn { background-color: #3e8e41; }

.articlebg:hover { box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px; }
.topnav { color: white !important; }
#_navigationUser { color: white; font-weight: bold; }

.searchbtn {
    background-color: #3f3469;
    color: white;
    font-weight: bold;
    padding: 3px;
    border: 2px solid #625987;
    box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px 5px #bdb8d2;
}

/* ---- Layout safeguards ---- */
.content { padding-top: 0; }
.custom-container { max-width: 1320px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; }
.journal-title a { text-decoration: none; }

/* The "Journal Info" mega dropdown should open on hover on desktop too */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .nav-item.gggg.dropdown:hover > .dropdown-menu { display: block; }
}

/* Article summary cards spacing */
.obj_issue_summary { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.obj_issue_summary .cover img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

/* =========================================================================
   Alignment fixes to match the target
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---- Sticky sidebars sit just below the sticky nav ---- */
.custom-sticky-top { position: -webkit-sticky; position: sticky; top: 72px; }

/* ---- Right journal sidebar ---- */
.ap-journal-sidebar { background: #ffffff; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .card-body { padding: 1rem; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .text-h3 { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; line-height: 1.2; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .p-3 { padding: .85rem 1rem !important; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .d-flex { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.ap-journal-sidebar a { display: block; }
.ap-journal-sidebar i.fas { width: 1.25rem; text-align: center; }
.ap-journal-sidebar svg { vertical-align: middle; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .border-bottom:hover { background: #f6f6f6; }

/* ---- Article summary card ---- */
.obj_article_summary .d-flex > span { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.obj_article_summary .title a { color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: none; }
.obj_article_summary .title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.obj_article_summary .meta .authors a { text-decoration: none; }
/* PDF / Full article / View Abstract row = equal-width buttons */
.obj_article_summary > .d-flex.flex-wrap,
.article_galleys { border-top: 1px solid #e6e7e9; }
.obj_article_summary .card-btn,
.article_galleys .card-btn {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: .85rem 1rem;
    border-right: 1px solid #e6e7e9;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.obj_article_summary .card-btn:last-child,
.article_galleys .card-btn:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.obj_article_summary .card-btn .icon { vertical-align: middle; }

/* ---- Keyword cloud box ---- */
#wordcloud { min-height: 170px; }

/* ---- Nested homepage columns: align gutters with target ---- */
.page_index_journal > .row { margin-left: -12px; margin-right: -12px; }

/* ---- Breadcrumb bar (purple) like the target ---- */
.cmp_breadcrumbs, nav.breadcrumb, .breadcrumb {
    background-color: #eadeff;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
}
.cmp_breadcrumbs a, .breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb-item a { color: #000000; text-decoration: none; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs ol, .cmp_breadcrumbs .breadcrumb, .breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* =========================================================================
   Header / footer overlap fixes
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---- Black brand bar: clean flex layout (brand left, nav+user right) ---- */
.ap-header { background-color: #000000; padding: .4rem 0; }
.ap-header-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    column-gap: 1.25rem;
    row-gap: .25rem;
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 16px;
}
.ap-brand { flex: 0 1 auto; margin-right: auto; min-width: 0; }
.ap-brand a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.ap-brand a .text-white { white-space: normal; line-height: 1.2; }
.ap-brand img { max-width: 180px; max-height: 56px; height: auto; width: auto; }

.ap-header-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: 1.5rem; row-gap: .25rem; }
.ap-primary-nav, .ap-user-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .15rem .6rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ap-header-nav a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .35rem;
    padding: .45rem .55rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.ap-header-nav a:hover { color: #cfcfcf; }
.ap-header-nav .icon { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.ap-user-nav { font-weight: 700; }
.ap-user-nav a { font-weight: 700; }

/* Hamburger toggle — hidden on desktop */
.ap-nav-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #fff; padding: .3rem .5rem; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; line-height: 0; }

/* ---- Responsive: collapse the header nav on small screens ---- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .ap-nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; }
    .ap-header-nav {
        display: none;
        flex-basis: 100%;
        order: 3;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        column-gap: 0;
        margin-top: .5rem;
        border-top: 1px solid #333;
        padding-top: .5rem;
    }
    .ap-header-nav.open { display: flex; }
    .ap-primary-nav, .ap-user-nav { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; width: 100%; gap: 0; }
    .ap-user-nav { border-top: 1px solid #333; margin-top: .25rem; padding-top: .25rem; }
    .ap-header-nav a { padding: .6rem .25rem; width: 100%; }
}

/* ---- Grey title bar: spacing so name + ISSN + search don't collide ---- */
.ap-titlebar > .row { align-items: center; }
.ap-titlebar .journal-title { line-height: 1.2; word-break: break-word; }
.ap-titlebar .journal-title a { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2; }
.ap-titlebar .journal-title br { line-height: 1; }
.ap-titlebar .card { margin: 0; }
.ap-titlebar .ap-journal-tagline {
    color: #eceaee;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-top: 0;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
    line-height: 1.2;
}
.ap-titlebar .ap-journal-name { text-transform: none; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; display: inline-block; }
.ap-titlebar .ap-journal-desc { color: #d9d7db; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.55; margin-top: .55rem; max-width: 920px; font-weight: 400; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .ap-impact-factor { color: #15406b; font-size: .95rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-desc { font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.6; color: #e6e6e6; }

/* ---- Footer: spacing + readable links ---- */
.ap-footer { padding-top: 2.25rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-brand { margin: 0 0 .75rem; display: block; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-brand a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-brand .text-white { font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.35; display: inline-block; white-space: normal; word-break: break-word; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-brand img { max-width: 180px; height: auto; }
/* keep each footer column self-contained */
.ap-footer [class*="col-"] { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.ap-footer h3 { font-size: 1.05rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #fff; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: .35rem; border-bottom: 2px solid #56398c; }

/* Footer: bigger brand, tighter link columns, Indexed In block */
.ap-footer .ap-footer-links { padding-left: .4rem; padding-right: .4rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-links .ap-footer-menu a { font-size: .9rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-indexed { padding-left: .4rem; }
.ap-indexed-buttons { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; }
.ap-index-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #4a4a4a;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    padding: .5rem .85rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: .9rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid #5d5d5d;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.ap-index-btn:hover { background: #606060; text-decoration: none; color: #fff !important; }
.ap-footer-address { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.6; }

/* Homepage "About the Journal" excerpt + button */
.ap-home-about { margin-top: .5rem; }
.ap-home-about-title { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: #16202c; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid #56398c; display: inline-block; }
.ap-home-about-text { line-height: 1.85; color: #2b2f36; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.ap-about-btn {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
    background: #56398c; color: #ffffff !important;
    padding: .7rem 1.4rem; border-radius: 6px;
    text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;
    transition: background-color .15s ease;
}
.ap-about-btn:hover { background: #432c6f; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none; }
.ap-footer p, .ap-footer div, .ap-footer li { line-height: 1.55; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-menu { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-menu li { margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-menu a,
.ap-footer a { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-menu a:hover,
.ap-footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: #f0c674; }
.ap-footer .row { row-gap: 1.5rem; }

/* ---- Mobile: stack the columns cleanly ---- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .ap-nav .navbar-nav { flex-direction: column; }
    .ap-nav .gggg { width: 100% !important; }
    .ap-journal-sidebar, .custom-sticky-top { position: static; top: auto; }
    /* sidebar drops below the main content on mobile */
    .pkp_structure_sidebar { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    body#scroll { margin-left: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; overflow-x: hidden; }
    .custom-container, .ap-header-inner { padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; }
    .ap-titlebar .journal-title.col-lg-9 { font-size: 18px; }
    .ap-titlebar .journal-title a { font-size: 16px; }
    .ap-titlebar .col-lg-3 { margin-top: .5rem; }
    /* article card meta strip + buttons wrap on small screens */
    .obj_article_summary .d-flex { flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .obj_article_summary .card-btn { flex: 1 1 100%; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e7e9; }
    /* article detail: stack the "On this page" sidebar above content */
    .obj_article_details.row > .displaysmall { display: block !important; }
    .obj_article_details.row > [class*="col-md-8"] { width: 100%; }
    /* keyword cloud full width */
    #wordcloud svg { width: 100%; height: auto; }
    /* footer columns stack with spacing */
    .ap-footer .row { row-gap: 1.25rem; }
}

/* prevent any element from forcing horizontal scroll on mobile */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    img, svg, table { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Justified body text in the main content column (like the target site)
   ========================================================================= */
.content main,
.content main p,
.content main li,
.content main .value,
.content main .section-content,
.content main .abstract,
.content main .description,
.content main .card-body,
.obj_article_details .value,
.obj_article_summary .meta,
.obj_issue_summary .description,
.modal-body,
.additional_content,
.page_index_journal .current_issue,
.page_view .value {
    text-align: justify;
    text-justify: inter-word;
}

/* keep headings, titles, nav, buttons and meta-strips left-aligned */
.content main h1,
.content main h2,
.content main h3,
.content main h4,
.content main h5,
.content main h6,
.content main .title,
.content main .page_title,
.content main .card-btn,
.content main .ribbon,
.content main .d-flex,
.content main .breadcrumb,
.content main .authors {
    text-align: left;
    text-justify: auto;
}

/* =========================================================================
   FINAL POLISH — consistent spacing, padding, margins & typography
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---- Vertical rhythm / base typography ---- */
body#scroll { color: #20242c; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 15px; }
.content { padding-top: 1.25rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.custom-container { padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; }
main h1, main h2, main h3, main h4 { line-height: 1.3; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: .65rem; color: #1a1d24; }
main p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
main a { color: #1c5d99; }
main a:hover { color: #14406b; }
main ul, main ol { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
hr { margin: 1.5rem 0; opacity: .12; }

/* ---- Page titles & breadcrumb ---- */
.cmp_breadcrumbs, nav.breadcrumb, .breadcrumb {
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    font-size: .9rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
}
.page_title, main > .page h1, .obj_article_details .page_title { font-size: 1.7rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.current_issue_title { font-size: 1.35rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }

/* ---- Cards (generic) ---- */
.card { border: 1px solid #e9eaee; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.card-body { padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; }
.card-footer { padding: .9rem 1.25rem; }

/* ---- Article summary card ---- */
.obj_article_summary { border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; transition: box-shadow .15s ease; }
.obj_article_summary:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.08); }
.obj_article_summary .d-flex > span { padding: .6rem .9rem; font-size: .82rem; color: #51565f; }
.obj_article_summary .card-body { padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; }
.obj_article_summary .title { margin: 0 0 .6rem; font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.obj_article_summary .title a { color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_summary .meta { margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.obj_article_summary .meta .authors { line-height: 1.5; }
.obj_article_summary .meta .authors a { color: #1c5d99; }
.obj_article_summary .info { font-size: .9rem; color: #51565f; margin-top: .6rem; }
.obj_article_summary .info .doi a { word-break: break-all; }
.obj_article_summary .card-btn { padding: .8rem 1rem; font-weight: 600; font-size: .92rem; transition: background-color .15s ease; }
.obj_article_summary .card-btn:hover { background-color: #f3f4f6; }
.obj_article_summary .ribbon { font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }

/* ---- Article detail ---- */
.obj_article_details { margin-top: .25rem; }
.obj_article_details .page_title { font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.obj_article_details .authors li { margin-bottom: .4rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.obj_article_details .authors .name { color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_details .article-date-content span { padding: .65rem .9rem; font-size: .88rem; }
.obj_article_details .item.section { margin-top: 1.6rem; padding-top: 1.2rem; border-top: 1px solid #eef0f2; }
.obj_article_details .item.section .label { font-size: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: .65rem; }
.obj_article_details .nav-sections .nav-link { padding: .6rem .85rem; font-size: .92rem; }
.obj_article_details .badge { font-weight: 500; padding: .4em .7em; margin-bottom: .35rem; font-size: .82rem; }
.obj_article_details .article_galleys { gap: 0; margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem; }

/* ---- Galley / card buttons (shared) ---- */
.card-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .4rem; }
.card-btn .icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; }

/* ---- Right journal sidebar ---- */
.ap-journal-sidebar { border: 1px solid #e9eaee; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .card-body { padding: 1rem 1.1rem; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .card-body b { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.35; display: inline-block; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .p-3 { padding: .9rem 1.1rem !important; transition: filter .15s ease; }
.ap-journal-sidebar a:hover .text-h3 { text-decoration: underline; }
.ap-journal-sidebar .border-bottom { border-color: #eef0f2 !important; }

/* ---- Issue archive grid ---- */
.issues_archive { margin-top: .5rem; }
.obj_issue_summary { border: 1px solid #e9eaee; border-radius: 8px; padding: 1rem; height: 100%; transition: box-shadow .15s ease; background:#fff; }
.obj_issue_summary:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.08); }
.obj_issue_summary .cover { display: block; margin-bottom: .85rem; }
.obj_issue_summary h2 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.obj_issue_summary .description { font-size: .9rem; color: #51565f; }

/* ---- Header / title bar / nav vertical padding ---- */
.ap-header { padding: .5rem 0; }
.ap-titlebar { padding: .35rem 0; }
.ap-titlebar .journal-title { padding: .85rem 1rem; }
.ap-nav .gggg > .nav-link, .ap-nav .gggg > .dropdown-toggle { padding: .9rem .75rem; }
.ap-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.hhgg { padding: .8rem 1rem; }

/* ---- Footer ---- */
.ap-footer { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.ap-footer .container { padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; }
.ap-footer h3 { font-size: 1.05rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; letter-spacing: .01em; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-menu li { margin-bottom: .55rem; }
.ap-footer .ap-footer-brand { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.ap-footer .small { font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; opacity: .92; }
.ap-footer .border-top { padding-top: 1.25rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; font-size: .9rem; }

/* ---- Modals ---- */
.modal-content { border: 0; border-radius: 10px; }
.modal-header { padding: 1rem 1.25rem; }
.modal-body { padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.modal-title { font-size: 1.2rem; }

/* ---- Forms / search ---- */
.searchbtn { padding: .45rem .9rem; border-radius: 4px; }
.form-control { padding: .5rem .75rem; }

/* ---- Tables & figures inside content ---- */
main table { width: 100%; margin: 1rem 0; }
main img, main figure img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 4px; }
main blockquote { border-left: 3px solid #d7dade; padding-left: 1rem; color: #51565f; margin: 1rem 0; }

/* ---- Pagination ---- */
.cmp_pagination, .pkp_pagination { margin-top: 1.5rem; }

/* ---- Smooth focus / accessibility ---- */
a, .card-btn, .nav-link, button { transition: color .12s ease, background-color .12s ease; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #56398c; outline-offset: 2px; }

/* =========================================================================
   Article header polish
   ========================================================================= */
.obj_article_details .page_title {
    font-family: var(--ap-font) !important;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
    color: #16202c;
    margin-bottom: .35rem;
}
.obj_article_details .subtitle {
    font-family: var(--ap-font) !important;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #51565f;
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.ap-article-eyebrow { gap: .5rem; }
.ap-section-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #eef2f7;
    color: #15406b;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: .76rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    padding: .28rem .65rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
}
.ap-oa-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .3rem;
    color: #c47e00;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: .85rem;
}
.ap-oa-badge svg { stroke: #c47e00; }

.obj_article_details .authors { margin-top: 1rem; }
.obj_article_details .authors .name { font-size: 1.05rem; color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_details .authors .affiliation { color: #51565f; }

/* meta strip as a clean info bar */
.obj_article_details .article-date-content {
    background: #f7f8fa;
    border: 1px solid #eef0f2 !important;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 1.4rem 0 !important;
    align-items: stretch;
}
.obj_article_details .article-date-content span {
    padding: .85rem 1.1rem;
    font-size: .9rem;
    color: #3a3f48;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}
.obj_article_details .article-date-content .border-start { border-color: #e2e5e9 !important; }

/* galley buttons: clear, bordered, coloured icons, hover */
.article_galleys { border: 1px solid #e6e7e9; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; margin: 1.25rem 0; }
.article_galleys .card-btn {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: .5rem;
    padding: .95rem 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #15406b;
    border-right: 1px solid #e6e7e9;
    background: #fff;
}
.article_galleys .card-btn:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.article_galleys .card-btn:hover { background: #f3f6fb; }
.article_galleys .card-btn .icon { width: 20px; height: 20px; opacity: 1; }
.article_galleys .card-btn .icon { color: #15406b; stroke: currentColor; }
.article_galleys .card-btn.pdf { color: #b3261e; }
.article_galleys .card-btn.pdf .icon { color: #b3261e; }

/* Kill the old FontAwesome 4 pseudo-icons from the copied CSS (we load FA5,
   so \f1c1 / \f0f6 render as broken tofu boxes). Our inline SVGs replace them. */
.obj_galley_link:before,
.obj_galley_link.pdf:before,
.obj_galley_link.restricted:before,
.obj_galley_link_supplementary:after { content: none !important; }

/* =========================================================================
   Article page — padding / margins for all content
   ========================================================================= */
.page_article { padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.obj_article_details .col-md-8 { padding-left: 1.25rem; padding-right: .5rem; }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) { .obj_article_details .col-md-8 { padding-left: .75rem; } }

.obj_article_details .page_title { margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
.obj_article_details .subtitle { margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.obj_article_details .authors { margin: 1.1rem 0 1.35rem; }
.obj_article_details .authors li { margin-bottom: .5rem; }

/* meta strip */
.obj_article_details .article-date-content { margin: 1.5rem 0 !important; }

/* galley buttons */
.obj_article_details .article_galleys { margin: 1.35rem 0 1.85rem; }
.article_galleys .card-btn { text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .02em; padding: 1rem; }

/* content sections: clear separation + comfortable reading */
.obj_article_details .item.section { margin-top: 2rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; }
.obj_article_details .item.section:first-of-type { margin-top: 1.25rem; }
.obj_article_details .item.section .label { margin: 0 0 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; color: #16202c; }
.obj_article_details .section-content { line-height: 1.85; color: #2b2f36; }
.obj_article_details .section-content p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.obj_article_details .section-content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.obj_article_details .keywords .section-content { line-height: 2; }

/* "On this page" sidebar spacing + active highlight */
.obj_article_details .displaysmall .card-body { padding: 1rem; }
.obj_article_details .nav-sections { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.obj_article_details .nav-sections .nav-link { padding: .65rem .9rem; color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_details .nav-sections .nav-item.current > .nav-link,
.obj_article_details .nav-sections .nav-item:hover > .nav-link { background: #eef2f7; color: #14406b; font-weight: 600; }
/* sections sit below the sticky nav when scrolled/anchored */
.obj_article_details .item.section { scroll-margin-top: 90px; }

/* Authors: one continuous row of names, wrapping only when out of width.
   Uses its own class names so the copied CSS's `.authors .name { display:block }`
   can never apply. */
.obj_article_details .ap-authors-line { margin: .6rem 0 .5rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.obj_article_details .ap-author-name { display: inline; font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_details .ap-author-sep { display: inline; color: #51565f; font-weight: 400; }

/* Legacy authors markup (other templates) — keep inline as well */
.obj_article_details .authors.list-inline { margin: .75rem 0 1rem; padding-left: 0; list-style: none; }
.obj_article_details .authors li,
.obj_article_details .authors .list-inline-item { display: inline-block; margin: 0 .3rem 0 0; }
/* custom.css sets .authors .name { display:block } — undo it so names stay in one row */
.obj_article_details .authors .name { display: inline; font-size: 1.05rem; color: #15406b; }
.obj_article_details .authors .ap-sep { display: inline; color: #51565f; }

/* Author affiliations */
.obj_article_details .ap-affil-list { font-size: .95rem; color: #3a3f48; }
.obj_article_details .ap-affil-item { margin-bottom: .35rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.obj_article_details .ap-affil-name { font-weight: 600; color: #16202c; }

/* Keyword badges */
.obj_article_details .ap-keyword-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #eef2f7;
    color: #15406b;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: .85rem;
    padding: .4em .8em;
    margin: 0 .35rem .4rem 0;
    border-radius: 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.obj_article_details .ap-keyword-badge:hover { background: #15406b; color: #fff; }

/* Publication information table */
.ap-pubinfo-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .95rem; }
.ap-pubinfo-table th, .ap-pubinfo-table td { text-align: left; padding: .6rem .9rem; border-bottom: 1px solid #eef0f2; vertical-align: top; }
.ap-pubinfo-table th { width: 38%; color: #51565f; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
.ap-pubinfo-table td { color: #20242c; }
.ap-pubinfo-table tr:last-child th, .ap-pubinfo-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }

/* Citation formats block (CSL plugin) */
.citations-formats .csl-entry, .citations-formats .citation_formats { margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.citations-formats .value > * { max-width: 100%; }

/* Remove the copied CSS's heavy .item padding (authors, affiliations, etc.) */
.obj_article_details .item { padding: 0 !important; border-bottom: 0 !important; margin: 0; }
.obj_article_details .item.authors { margin: .6rem 0 .25rem !important; }
.obj_article_details .item.affiliations { margin: 0 0 1.1rem !important; }
.obj_article_details .authors { padding-right: 0 !important; }

/* Statistics tiles */
.ap-stat-tiles { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.ap-stat-tile {
    flex: 1 1 140px;
    border: 1px solid #e9eaee;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
    background: #f9fafb;
}
.ap-stat-tile svg { color: #56398c; }
.ap-stat-num { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; color: #16202c; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: .35rem; }
.ap-stat-cap { font-size: .85rem; color: #51565f; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.obj_article_details .stats canvas.usageStatsGraph { max-width: 100%; }
.obj_article_details .stats .usageStatsUnavailable { margin: 0; }

/* Consistent section rhythm + headings on the article page */
/* Simple sections: override the copied .section's huge padding / negative margins */
.obj_article_details .item.section {
    position: static;
    margin: 1.3rem 0 0;
    padding: 1.1rem 0 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #eef0f2;
}
.obj_article_details .item.section:first-of-type { border-top: 0; margin-top: .5rem; padding-top: .25rem; }
.obj_article_details .item.section > .label { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700; color: #16202c; margin: 0 0 .8rem; }
.obj_article_details .item.section > .section-content { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.obj_article_details .page_title { margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.obj_article_details .ap-article-eyebrow { margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.obj_article_details .authors.list-inline { margin-bottom: .35rem; }
.obj_article_details .affiliations { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding-bottom: .25rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   Homepage "Keywords" cloud (colour-tag fallback + D3 upgrade)
   ========================================================================= */
/* ---- Homepage left sidebar: framed card with padding ---- */
.page_index_journal .col-md-4 > .shadow.custom-sticky-top {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e9eaee;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.page_index_journal .col-md-4 .card-body { padding: 1rem; }
.page_index_journal .homepage_image { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.page_index_journal .homepage_image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12);
}

.ap-keywords-title {
    padding: 5px 6px;
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #bdbcbf;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: .75rem 0 .5rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
}
.ap-keyword-cloud { padding: .75rem .4rem; text-align: center; line-height: 2.1; min-height: 150px; }
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: .1rem .35rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: .88;
    transition: opacity .12s ease;
}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:hover { opacity: 1; text-decoration: underline; }
.ap-keyword-cloud svg text { font-family: Georgia, serif; }
/* varied colours */
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+1){color:#1f77b4}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+2){color:#ff7f0e}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+3){color:#2ca02c}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+4){color:#d62728}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+5){color:#9467bd}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+6){color:#8c564b}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+7){color:#e377c2}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+8){color:#17becf}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n+9){color:#bcbd22}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(10n){color:#7f7f7f}
/* varied sizes */
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(4n+1){font-size:1rem}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(4n+2){font-size:1.3rem}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(4n+3){font-size:.9rem}
.ap-keyword-cloud .ap-kw:nth-child(4n){font-size:1.18rem}

/* =========================================================================
   Auto "On this page" TOC for content pages (About, policies, static pages)
   ========================================================================= */
.ap-page-with-toc { margin-top: .25rem; }
.ap-page-toc .shadow.custom-sticky-top { border: 1px solid #e9eaee; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; background: #fff; top: 84px; }
.ap-page-toc .card-body { padding: .5rem; }
.ap-page-toc .nav-sections { margin: 0; border: 0 !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
.ap-page-toc .nav-sections .nav-link { padding: .7rem .9rem; color: #15406b; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.35; }
.ap-page-toc .nav-sections .nav-item .nav-link.font-weight-bold { color: #16202c; font-weight: 700; background: #fff; }
.ap-page-toc .nav-sections .nav-item.current > .nav-link,
.ap-page-toc .nav-sections .nav-item:hover > .nav-link { background: #eef2f7; color: #14406b; }
.ap-page-toc .ap-toc-h3 .nav-link { padding-left: 1.7rem; font-size: .9rem; }

.ap-page-content { padding-left: 1.5rem; }
.ap-page-content h2, .ap-page-content h3 { scroll-margin-top: 90px; }
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .ap-page-toc { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
    .ap-page-content { padding-left: .75rem; }
}

/* Contact page */
.page_contact .contact_section h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; color: #16202c; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.page_contact .contact { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.page_contact .editorial-office .name { font-size: 1.05rem; }
.page_contact .editorial-office .title { color: #51565f; }
.page_contact .address { line-height: 1.6; }

/* Author affiliations are a plain institution list — no numbering (see .ap-affil-list above) */
